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In counterpoint, voice leading (American) or part-writing (British), also part leading, or the guiding, management, progression or conduct of parts, is the rules regulating the melodic movements of individual parts (voices), or the application of these rules by the composer: :"The progression of the individual parts or voices in a vocal or instrumental composition."〔"(Voice leading )", ''Merriam-Webster.com''.〕 :"''Voice leading'' is the term used to describe the linear aspect of musical writing. The individual melodic lines (called ''voices'') that make up a composition interact together to create harmony."〔Benward & Saker (2003), p.149.〕 :"Voice leading is the smooth movement of the notes (or voices) from one chord to the next, and it applies to any type of voicing."〔Baerman, Noah (2003). ''Big Book of Jazz Piano Improvisation'', p.19. ISBN 978-0-7390-3171-1. Emphasis original.〕 :"The art of connecting chord to chord in the smoothest manner possible."〔Schonbrun, Marc (2011). ''The Everything Music Theory Book'', p.174. Adams Media. ISBN 9781440511820.〕 :"Each ''voice'' in the texture is ''led'' from one pitch to the next in a way that forms a pleasing melodic ''line'' while producing in consort with the other voices a pleasing succession of harmonies."〔Turek, Ralph and McCarthy, Daniel (2014). ''Theory for Today's Musician'', p.166. Routledge. ISBN 9781135095437.〕 Principles of voice leading include the importance of outer voices, contrapuntal motion (including contrary motion), parsimony (the retention of common tones), and dissonance treatment.〔Terefenko, Dariusz (2014). ''Jazz Theory: From Basic to Advanced Study'', p.33. Routledge. ISBN 9781135043018.〕 "Good voice leading can take a simple chord sequence and transform it into a masterpiece."〔 ==Example== The score in the following example reproduces the first four measures of Bach's Preludium in C major (BWV 846a) from the ''Well Tempered Keyboard'', volume 1. (a) presents the original score while (b) and (c) present reductions intended to clarify the harmony and voice leading, respectively. In (b), the same measures are presented as consisting in four block chords: the first and the fourth ones are the same, a triad of C major (I); the second is a minor 7th chord on D (II), inverted to show C in the bass; the third is a dominant 7th on G (V), inverted to show B in the bass. In (c), the four measures are presented as formed of five horizontal parts (voices) identified by the direction of the stems, each consisting in only three notes: from top to bottom, (1) E F — E; (2) C D — C; (3) G A G —; (4) E D — E; (5) C — B C. The four chords result from the fact that every voice does not move at the same time. To see this, look at the highest note of each chord - E, F, F, and E - this corresponds to 1), the second highest note of each chord is C, D, D, and C - corresponding to 2) etc. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Voice leading」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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